Seven Steps for Pet’s Health Checkup at Home

Dogs don’t always make it easy for us to figure out what’s going on with them, but keeping an eye on their health is an essential job of being a pet parent. One way you can stay in tune with your dog’s health is with regular dog health checks at home. So, roll up your sleeves and get ready to live your Grey’s Anatomy fantasy, because today you’re your pup’s DIY doctor.

Before you start the exam, take a good look at your dog when they’re just hanging out; observe their posture and general demeanor. Getting a good picture of your dog’s “normal” in a relaxed environment will help you pick up any subtle changes that may occur. After a home checkup, you can consult your veterinarian if you’re concerned about any exam finding; early recognition can save your dog’s life.

Step 1: Take their temperature.

The first step in conducting a basic health check-up for your dog at home is to take their temperature. A dog's body temperature can provide important information about their overall health. The normal body temperature for a dog is between 100º and 102.5º F. If your dog's temperature is higher or lower than this range, it may indicate an underlying health problem.

To take your dog's temperature, you'll need a digital rectal thermometer. The ear type is less reliable, and mercury thermometers can break. Lubricate the end of the thermometer with petroleum jelly, and gently insert it into the rectum, about 1 inch for small dogs and about 2 inches for larger ones. If the thermometer does not slide in easily, do not force it.

Leave the thermometer in place for about one minute or until it beeps. Once you have taken your dog's temperature, wipe the thermometer with a disinfectant and store it in a clean, dry place.

Step 2: Check their heart rate.

The second step in a dog's basic health check-up is to check their heart rate. A dog's heart rate can give important information about their cardiovascular health. The normal heart rate for a dog is between 80 to 120 beats per minute. The heart rate can vary depending on the breed, age, and activity level of your dog.

To check your dog's heart rate, find the femoral artery on the inside of their thigh. Feel for the roll of the artery and a pulsing sensation. Count the number of pulses in 15 seconds and multiply by four. This will give you the heart rate in beats per minute.

It's important to note that relaxed, large-breed, or athletic dogs tend to have slower heart rates, while the heart rate for puppies and small dogs tends to be higher. If you notice an abnormal heart rate, contact your veterinarian.

Step 3: Start at their head.

The third step in a dog's basic health check-up is to start at their head. A dog's head can provide important information about their overall health. You should check their nose, eyes, ears, and mouth.

The nose should be smooth, soft, and clean, like supple leather. However, noses aren't necessarily always cool or moist. The eyes should be bright, moist, and clear, with pupils equal in size. The whites should be white, with only a few visible blood vessels. The ears should be clean, dry, and almost odor-free. You should be able to gently massage them without complaint.

In the mouth, teeth should be clean and white, with the gums uniformly pink and moist to the touch. Bad breath, bleeding gums, or excessive tartar buildup can be signs of dental problems that require veterinary attention.

Step 4: Watch their chest as they breathe.

The fourth step in a dog's basic health check-up is to watch their chest as they breathe. A dog's breathing can give important information about their respiratory health. The chest wall should move in and out easily and rhythmically in an effortless way, and each breath should look the same as the last. Unless they're panting, you should not be able to hear your dog breathe.

A normal dog's resting respiration rate is 15 to 30 breaths per minute. A sleeping or relaxed dog would be near the low end, while an active and engaged dog would be higher. As with heart rates, smaller dogs tend to have a faster resting breathing rate than larger dogs.

If you notice any signs of difficulty breathing or unusual breathing patterns, contact your veterinarian.

Step 5: Examine their skin

The skin is one of the largest organs in the dog's body and serves as an important indicator of overall health. A healthy dog's skin should be soft and unbroken with minimal odor. The hair coat, except for wire-haired breeds, should be shiny and smooth.

When examining your dog's skin, look for signs of parasites, such as fleas and ticks, which can cause skin irritation and infection. Check for any lumps, bumps, or sores on the skin, which could indicate an underlying health issue.

A dog's skin should also be checked for any changes in color or texture. For instance, red, inflamed skin may indicate an allergic reaction, while dry and flaky skin could be a sign of a nutritional deficiency or hormonal imbalance.

In addition, check your dog's paw pads for any cuts, cracks, or signs of infection. Clean the paws with warm water and dry them thoroughly to avoid any fungal or bacterial growth.

Step 6: Check their hydration with the skin turgor test

Hydration is crucial for a dog's overall health and well-being. Dehydration can lead to a host of health problems, such as kidney damage, heat stroke, and seizures. The skin turgor test is a quick and easy way to check if your dog is dehydrated.

To perform the skin turgor test, gently pinch a fold of skin on your dog's neck or back and release it. The skin should immediately return to its original position. If the skin takes more than a few seconds to return to its original position, or remains slightly tented, your dog may be dehydrated.

Other signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and nose, lethargy, and loss of appetite. If you suspect your dog is dehydrated, provide them with plenty of fresh, clean water and consult your veterinarian.

Step 7: Finish up with the torso

Finally, finish the health check-up by examining your dog's torso. Start just behind the ribs and gently press your hands into your dog's belly. If your dog has just eaten, you may feel an enlargement in the left part of the belly just under the ribs, where the stomach lives. This is normal and should subside within a few hours.

Proceed toward the rear of your dog's body, passing your hands gently over the entire area. Pay attention to any lumps, bumps, or masses you may feel. Signs of discomfort, such as flinching or growling, could indicate an underlying health issue.

In addition, check for any signs of distention of the belly, which could indicate bloat or other gastrointestinal issues. Bloat is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention, as it can be life-threatening.

During the torso examination, take note of your dog's breathing and heart rate. If you notice any irregularities, such as wheezing, coughing, or a rapid or slow heart rate, consult your veterinarian.

In conclusion, performing a regular health check-up at home is an important part of responsible dog ownership. By taking a few minutes each month to assess your dog's health, you can catch potential health issues early and ensure your furry friend stays happy and healthy for years to come.